% ref: Cagliari Sardinian, Journal of the IPA; Sardinian phonology, wiki; %% The Oxford Guide to the Romance Languages; The Oxford Encyclopedia of Romance Linguistics ::vowel:: = a|e|ɛ|i|o|ɔ|u|ja|ju|wa|wu ::highvowel:: = i|u ::frontvowel:: = e|ɛ|i ::consonant:: = b|β|c|k|d|d͡ʒ|d͡z|ɖ|ð|f|ɡ|ɣ|j|k|l|m|n|ɲ|p|ɾ|r|s|ʃ|t|t͡s|t͡ʃ|v|w|ʒ|ː ::voicedcons:: = b|β|d|d͡ʒ|d͡z|ɖ|ð|ɡ|ɣ|j|l|m|n|ɲ|ɾ|r|t͡s|t͡ʃ|v|w|ʒ % Special words dɛ -> de / (#|\s+) _ (#|\s+) % Vowels %% Metaphony: (ɛ,ɔ) -> (e,o) before syllable with high vowels, may repeat across syllables %% *lots of exceptions, not always happening ɛ -> e / _ (\w*(e|o)\w*)*\w+(::highvowel::) ɔ -> o / _ (\w*(e|o)\w*)*\w+(::highvowel::) %% Split dipthong (not sure if missing any case) j -> i / (lː|rː|l|r) _ (a|u) % Consonants %% Plosives 0 -> ː / (::vowel::)(p|t|k) _ (::vowel::)|r (p|b) -> β / (::vowel::)\s* _ ((\s*(::vowel::))|r) (t|d) -> ð / (::vowel::)\s* _ ((\s*(::vowel::))|r) (k|ɡ) -> ɣ / (::vowel::)\s* _ ((\s*(::vowel::))|r) %% Fricatives s -> z / (::vowel::)\s* _ \s*(::vowel::) s -> z / _ ::voicedcons:: f -> v / (::vowel::)\s* _ \s*(::vowel::) t͡ʃ -> ʒ / (::vowel::)\s* _ \s*(::vowel::) %% Nasals m -> 0 / u _ # % observed from examples, not sure %% Liquids r -> ɾ / ::vowel:: _ ::vowel:: %% Remove h h -> 0 / _ % Skipped neutralization (varies too much across context and Sardinian varieties) % Also skipped paragogic vowels (same) % Additional sandhi 0 -> ː / n\s+(f|l|r|s|ʃ) _ n -> 0 / _ \s+(f|l|r|s|ʃ) n -> m / _ \s+(b|p|β|m) n -> ɲ / _ \s+(c|t͡ʃ|k|ɡ|ɣ) 0 -> ː / (s|r)\s+(l|n) _ (s|r) -> 0 / _ \s+(l|n) est -> e / (#|\s+) _ \s+(l|n) r -> s / _ \s+(s|c|k|p|t|t͡ʃ|ʃ) est -> es / (#|\s+) _ \s+(s|c|k|p|t|t͡ʃ|ʃ) s -> r / _ \s+(::voicedcons::) est -> er / (#|\s+) _ \s+(::voicedcons::) 0 -> ː / t\s+(::consonant::) _ t -> 0 / _ \s+(::consonant::)